A-E
| North America | Established rest of the world | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | Canada | Western Europe | Japan | Other established |
| US | Canada |
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Japan |
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| Emerging rest of the world | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Emerging Europe | China | Emerging Asia Pacific | Other emerging |
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The following abbreviations and expressions have the following meanings when used in this report:
abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) A marketing approval application for a generic drug submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration.
abbreviated new drug submission (ANDS) A marketing approval application for a generic drug submitted in Canada.
adjuvant An agent that modifies the effect of other agents (for example drugs and vaccines) while having few if any direct effects when given by itself; it operates like a catalyst in chemical reactions.
ADR American Depositary Receipt evidencing title to an ADS.
ADS American Depositary Share representing one underlying Ordinary Share.
agonist A substance capable of binding to a molecular target to trigger a response.
angiotensin II A hormone that causes blood vessels to narrow and thereby raises blood pressure.
antagonist A substance capable of binding to a molecular target to neutralise or counteract a reaction.
anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies A group of large molecule compounds which can block interactions between cytokines and their receptors. Cytokines are a class of signalling molecule, used in cellular communication, similar to hormones and neurotransmitters preventing them from functioning.
AstraZeneca AstraZeneca PLC and its subsidiaries.
biomarker A characteristic that can be measured objectively and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological, or pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention.
biopharmaceuticals/biologics A class of medicines derived from proteins usually produced naturally by living organisms in response to disease, for example antibodies.
bipolar disorder Any of several mood disorders, usually characterised by alternating episodes of depression and mania or by episodes of depression alternating with mild non-psychotic excitement.
bipolar I disorder A sub-set of bipolar patients who have experienced one or more manic or mixed episodes.
biosimilars Follow-on biopharmaceuticals that are biologically similar to an existing medicine.
BLA (Biological Licence Application) Granting of the licence certifies that biological product is safe, pure and potent; and the facility in which it is manufactured meets standards designed to ensure that it continues to be safe, pure and potent.
Board The Board of Directors of AstraZeneca PLC.
CAT Cambridge Antibody Technology Group plc.
CER Constant exchange rates.
Company AstraZeneca PLC.
Complete Response Letter A complete response is now issued by the FDA when it has completed its evaluation of a regulatory submission.
cost growth rates Percentage growth of a particular cost category over the comparable cost category for the previous year.
depositary JPMorgan Chase Bank, as depositary under the deposit agreement pursuant to which the ADRs are issued.
Director A director of the Company.
earnings per share (EPS) Profit for the year after tax and minority interests, divided by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares in issue during the year.
efficacy The beneficial effect of a drug refers to the potential maximum therapeutic response that a drug can produce.
EFPIA The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations.
EMEA The European Medicines Agency.
Emerging Markets Emerging Rest of World, see table above.
Established Markets North America and Established Rest of World, see table above.
EU European Union.
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GLOSSARY
Abbreviations/expressions and their meanings, when used on this website
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